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In some applications and programming languages, notably Microsoft Excel, PlanMaker (and other spreadsheet applications) and the programming language bc, unary operations have a higher priority than binary operations, that is, the unary minus has higher precedence than exponentiation, so in those languages −3 2 will be interpreted as (−3) 2 ...
Operators are listed top to bottom, in descending precedence. Descending precedence refers to the priority of the grouping of operators and operands. Considering an expression, an operator which is listed on some row will be grouped prior to any operator that is listed on a row further below it.
The operator precedence is a number (from high to low or vice versa) that defines which operator takes an operand that is surrounded by two operators of different precedence (or priority). Multiplication normally has higher precedence than addition, [ 1 ] for example, so 3+4×5 = 3+(4×5) ≠ (3+4)×5.
Venn diagram of . In logic, mathematics and linguistics, and is the truth-functional operator of conjunction or logical conjunction.The logical connective of this operator is typically represented as [1] or & or (prefix) or or [2] in which is the most modern and widely used.
Logical operators over bit vectors (corresponding to finite Boolean algebras) are bitwise operations. But not every usage of a logical connective in computer programming has a Boolean semantic. For example, lazy evaluation is sometimes implemented for P ∧ Q and P ∨ Q , so these connectives are not commutative if either or both of the ...
In order to reflect normal usage, addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operators are usually left-associative, [1] [2] [3] while for an exponentiation operator (if present) [4] [better source needed] there is no general agreement. Any assignment operators are typically right-associative. To prevent cases where operands would be ...
The semantics of operators particularly depends on value, evaluation strategy, and argument passing mode (such as Boolean short-circuiting). Simply, an expression involving an operator is evaluated in some way, and the resulting value may be just a value (an r-value), or may be an object allowing assignment (an l-value).
The operator W is the weak until operator: is equivalent to ; Unary operators are well-formed formulas whenever B(φ) is well-formed. Binary operators are well-formed formulas whenever B(φ) and C(φ) are well-formed. In some logics, some operators cannot be expressed.