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The history of coronaviruses is an account of the discovery of the diseases caused by coronaviruses and the diseases they cause. It starts with the first report of a new type of upper-respiratory tract disease among chickens in the U.S. state of North Dakota, in 1931. The causative agent was identified as a virus in 1933.
Coronaviruses also affect other branches of animal husbandry such as pig farming and cattle raising. [127] Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), which is related to bat coronavirus HKU2, causes diarrhea in pigs. [134] Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a coronavirus that has recently emerged and similarly causes diarrhea ...
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been efforts by scientists, governments, and others to determine the origin of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Similar to other outbreaks, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] the virus was derived from a bat-borne virus and most likely was transmitted to humans via another animal in nature, or during wildlife bushmeat ...
Since the first cases of a mysterious new respiratory illness were recorded in China in late 2019, scientists have come to know the pathogen named SARS-CoV-2 (along with its Greek-letter variants ...
Natural selection produced the human coronavirus by mutation in humans. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 interacts with furin, an enzyme found in human cells. Furin-like sites are present in other viruses such as HIV and Ebola virus, but not in bat or pangolin coronaviruses, suggesting that the specific furin interaction developed only in humans.
Coronaviruses: These respiratory viruses are responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic as well as other diseases including MERS, which was first reported in 2012, and SARS, which caused a global ...
Mild illnesses in humans include some cases of the common cold (which is also caused by other viruses, predominantly rhinoviruses), [1] [2] while more lethal varieties can cause SARS, MERS and COVID-19. [3] [4] As of 2021, 45 species are registered as coronaviruses, [5] whilst 11 diseases have been identified, as listed below.
The sizes of viruses determined using this new microscope fitted in well with those estimated by filtration experiments. Viruses were expected to be small, but the range of sizes came as a surprise. Some were only a little smaller than the smallest known bacteria, and the smaller viruses were of similar sizes to complex organic molecules. [14]