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This immunohistochemical marker is very useful diagnostically, because other smooth muscle-predominant lesions in the lung do not react with the antibody. [108] The spindle-shaped cells of the LAM lesion are more frequently proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive than the cuboidal cells, consistent with a proliferative phenotype. [ 107 ]
In 1965 Liebow described 18 patients with pulmonary lesions with large alveolar cell proliferation and desquamation. Liebow also noted that the walls of the patient's distal airways were thickened. [23] The name "desquamative interstitial pneumonia" originated from the assumption that the disease was caused by epithelial cell desquamation. [1] [4]
Necrotizing pneumonia (NP), also known as cavitary pneumonia or cavitatory necrosis, is a rare but severe complication of lung parenchymal infection. [1] [2] [3] In necrotizing pneumonia, there is a substantial liquefaction following death of the lung tissue, which may lead to gangrene formation in the lung.
Interstitial lung disease (ILD), or diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), [3] is a group of respiratory diseases affecting the interstitium (the tissue) and space around the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs. [4] It concerns alveolar epithelium, pulmonary capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and perivascular and perilymphatic tissues. It ...
On radiological studies, thoracic splenic lesions are visualized using CT scans. Visualized lesions can be described as solitary or multiple nodules. The locations of the lesions are mostly in the lower left pleural space and/or splenic bed. Confirmation can be done using scintigraphy with 99mTc tagged heat-damaged red blood cells. [6]
Granulomatous–lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) is a lung complication of common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID). It is seen in approximately 15% of patients with CVID. [ 1 ] It has been defined histologically as the presence of (non-caseating) granuloma and lymphoproliferation in the lung. [ 1 ]
The latter finding reflects the increased lung stiffness (reduced lung compliance) associated with pulmonary fibrosis, which leads to increased lung elastic recoil. [35] Measurement of static lung volumes using body plethysmography or other techniques typically reveals reduced lung volumes (restriction). This reflects the difficulty encountered ...
It is life-threatening in the elderly or those who are immunocompromised. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] The most common treatment is antibiotics and these vary in their adverse effects and their effectiveness. [ 12 ] [ 14 ] Pneumonia is also the leading cause of death in children less than five years of age in low income countries. [ 14 ]