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The Baal Cycle is an Ugaritic text (c. 1500–1300 BCE) about the Canaanite god Baʿal (𐎁𐎓𐎍 lit. "Owner", "Lord"), a storm god associated with fertility.
Baal (/ ˈ b eɪ. əl, ˈ b ɑː. əl /), [6] [a] or Baʻal, [b] was a title and honorific meaning 'owner' or 'lord' in the Northwest Semitic languages spoken in the Levant during antiquity. From its use among people, it came to be applied to gods. [ 11 ]
The Baal Cycle, the most famous of the Ugaritic texts, [1] displayed in the Louvre. The Ugaritic texts are a corpus of ancient cuneiform texts discovered in 1928 in Ugarit (Ras Shamra) and Ras Ibn Hani in Syria, and written in Ugaritic, an otherwise unknown Northwest Semitic language. Approximately 1,500 texts and fragments have been found to date.
However, Baal of Saphon (the Ugaritic name of Jebel al-Aqra [10]) was most likely understood as the primary manifestation. [21] A series of Ugaritic myths known as the "Baal Cycle" describes Baal's struggle to attain kingship among the gods and his battles against various rivals, especially the sea god Yam. [22]
The Baal Cycle or Epic of Baal is a collection of stories about the Canaanite Baal, also referred to as Hadad. It was composed between 1400 and 1200 B.C. and rediscovered in the excavation of Ugarit, an ancient city in modern-day Syria.
In the Baal Cycle, Ba'al Hadad is challenged by and defeats Yam using two magical weapons (called "Driver" and "Chaser") made for him by Kothar-wa-Khasis. Afterward, with the help of Athirat and Anat, Ba'al persuades El to allow him a palace. El approves, and the palace is built by Kothar-wa-Khasis.
In the Baal Cycle (KTU 1.1-1.6 [43]) Yam is portrayed as one of the enemies of the eponymous god, Baal. [44] He is his main rival in the struggle for the status of king of the gods. [45] The conflict between Yam and Baal is considered one of the three major episodes of the Baal Cycle, with the other two being the construction of Baal’s palace ...
The tablets were inscribed by Ilimilku, a high priest who was also the scribe for the Myth of Baal-Aliyan (a part of the Baal cycle) and the Tale of Aqhat, two other famous Ugaritic epic poems discovered at Ras Shamra. [5]