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The initial segment of the epididymis, first described in the guinea pig epididymis, [10] is a histologically distinct region of tall pseudostratified columnar epithelium that receives spermatozoa from the ductuli efferentes (Figure 1). The epididymis is the primary sperm storage organ in male reptiles. [6]
The cauda epididymis, where sperm are stored, can be up to 7 °C below abdominal temperatures. For a reduction in temperature of 7 °C the respiration rate of sperm declines by one half, and the solubility of oxygen in solution increases by approximately 10%. [ 12 ]
Testicular size as a proportion of body weight varies widely. In the mammalian kingdom, there is a tendency for testicular size to correspond with multiple mates (e.g., harems, polygamy). Production of testicular output sperm and spermatic fluid is also larger in polygamous animals, possibly a spermatogenic competition for survival.
The mammalian male reproductive system contains two main divisions, the penis and the testicles, the latter of which are where sperm are produced and usually held in a scrotum. [5] In humans, both of these organs are outside the abdominal cavity, but they can be primarily housed within the abdomen in other animals.
A spermatozoon (/ s p ər ˌ m æ t ə ˈ z oʊ. ən, ˌ s p ɜːr m ə t ə-/; [1] also spelled spermatozoön; pl.: spermatozoa; from Ancient Greek σπέρμα (spérma) 'seed' and ζῷον (zôion) 'animal') is a motile sperm cell produced by male animals relying on internal fertilization.
The epididymis is present in male reptiles, birds, mammals, and cartilaginous fish. [1] The caput epididymidis is fused to the testis in eutherian mammals, but not in marsupials. [13] In reptiles, there is an additional canal between the testis and the head of the epididymis and which receives the various efferent ducts.
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No studies have found significant data regarding the mother swine's diet and fetal pig survival rate. However, there is a correlation between a mother pig having a nutritious diet containing proteins, vitamins and minerals during gestation period and the survival rate of piglets. The correlation, however, is not statistically different.