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Popular discussion of unknowability grew with the use of the phrase There are unknown unknowns by United States Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld at a news briefing on February 12, 2002. In addition to unknown unknowns there are known unknowns and unknown knowns. These category labels appeared in discussion of identification of chemical ...
Rumsfeld during a Pentagon news briefing in February 2002 "There are unknown unknowns" is a phrase from a response United States Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld gave to a question at a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) news briefing on February 12, 2002, about the lack of evidence linking the government of Iraq with the supply of weapons of mass destruction to terrorist groups. [1]
Hence, the statement "p is an unknown truth" cannot be both known and true at the same time. Therefore, if all truths are knowable, the set of "all truths" must not include any of the form "something is an unknown truth"; thus there must be no unknown truths, and thus all truths must be known. This can be formalised with modal logic.
In a few days’ time, investors went from breathing a sigh of relief that the Federal Reserve had cut rates to holding their breath because of the rapid re-escalation of trade fears and slowing ...
These difficulties are further exacerbated by the fact that the term "knowledge" has historically been used for a great range of diverse phenomena. These phenomena include theoretical know-that, as in knowing that Paris is in France, practical know-how, as in knowing how to swim, and knowledge by acquaintance, as in personally knowing a celebrity.
A fixed model considers the "known unknowns", but ignores the "unknown unknowns", made famous by a statement of Donald Rumsfeld. [19] The term "unknown unknowns" appeared in a 1982 New Yorker article on the aerospace industry, which cites the example of metal fatigue, the cause of crashes in Comet airliners in the 1950s. [20]
That leads many who don’t follow politics closely, and some who do, to believe he had previously served as a preacher, and not a factory worker, before becoming a politician in 2020.
‘A Complete Unknown’ Fact vs. Fiction: Bob Dylan Experts Go Deep on What’s True or Fanciful in the Celebrated Biopic Chris Willman December 26, 2024 at 2:07 PM