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The symbol grounding problem is a concept in the fields of artificial intelligence, cognitive science, philosophy of mind, and semantics. It addresses the challenge of connecting symbols, such as words or abstract representations, to the real-world objects or concepts they refer to.
2 Yes Yes Yes No No No No No Fresh Memory (Discontinued) GPL3: Yes Yes Multiple Yes Yes No HTML, CVS No Yes No No ? Mnemosyne: AGPLv3: Yes Yes 3 Yes Yes Yes Video, HTML, LaTeX, Flash ? Yes Yes Yes Yes OpenCards: BSD: Yes Yes 2 Yes Yes Yes PowerPoint slides, Markdown: Yes Yes Via Dropbox: No Yes Pleco: Proprietary: Yes Paid addon Multiple Yes No ...
BrainPop (stylized as BrainPOP) is a group of educational websites founded in 1999 by Avraham Kadar, M.D. and Chanan Kadmon, based in New York City. [1] As of 2024, the websites host over 1,000 short animated movies for students in grades K–8 (ages 5 to 14), together with quizzes and related materials, covering the subjects of science, social studies, English, math, engineering and ...
Quizlet was founded in October 2005 by Andrew Sutherland, who at the time was a 15-year old student, [2] and released to the public in January 2007. [3] Quizlet's primary products include digital flash cards, matching games, practice electronic assessments, and live quizzes. In 2017, 1 in 2 high school students used Quizlet. [4]
In the same year, another study showed that students had a one-point increase on their licensing exams for every 1,700 unique Anki flashcards they used. [ 43 ] Another study in 2024 found that Anki was commonly used among American medical students. 86.2% of surveyed students reported some Anki use and 66.5% used it daily. [ 44 ]
The Leitner system for scheduling flashcards was introduced by German scientific journalist Sebastian Leitner in the 1970s with his book, So lernt man lernen. [6] Later, the SuperMemo program and algorithm (specifically the SM-2 algorithm, which is the most popular in other programs) was introduced in 1987 by Polish researcher Piotr Woźniak. [7]
Grounding is often considered to be a form of non-causal determination or priority. [2] [3] According to some in favor of the idea, things which are less fundamental are grounded in things that are more fundamental. [4] In chess, for example, if the king is in checkmate, this situation holds because the king is
For example, if this is session 0, boxes 0-2-5-9, 1-3-6-0, 5-7-0-4, and 8-0-3-7 are done because they all contain the number 0. If a reviewed card isn't successful, it moves back to Deck Current. If a reviewed card is successful and the last number of its box matches the current session number, then that card moves to the Retired Deck.