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Enalaprilat is the active metabolite of enalapril. It is the first dicarboxylate-containing ACE inhibitor and was developed partly to overcome these limitations of captopril. The thiol functional group of captopril was replaced with a carboxylic acid group, but additional modifications were required to achieve a potency similar to captopril.
Enalapril, sold under the brand name Vasotec among others, is an ACE inhibitor medication used to treat high blood pressure, diabetic kidney disease, and heart failure. [5] For heart failure, it is generally used with a diuretic , such as furosemide . [ 6 ]
ACE is also part of the kinin–kallikrein system where it degrades bradykinin, a potent vasodilator, and other vasoactive peptides. [12] Kininase II is the same as angiotensin-converting enzyme. Thus, the same enzyme (ACE) that generates a vasoconstrictor (ANG II) also disposes of vasodilators (bradykinin). [11]
Enalapril/hydrochlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Vaseretic among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication used for the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure). [2] It contains enalapril , an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor , and hydrochlorothiazide a diuretic . [ 2 ]
Antihypertensive agents comprise multiple classes of compounds that are intended to manage hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy aims to maintain a blood pressure goal of <140/90 mmHg in all patients, as well as to prevent the progression or recurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in hypertensive patients with established CVD. [2]
The endothelium maintains vascular homeostasis through the release of active vasodilators.Although nitric oxide (NO) is recognized as the primary factor at level of arteries, increased evidence for the role of another endothelium-derived vasodilator known as endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) has accumulated in the last years.
Arteriolar vasodilators are substances or medications that preferentially dilate arterioles.When used on people with certain heart conditions, it causes a phenomenon known as the cardiac steal syndrome.
Some examples include: Diazoxide [1] vasodilator used for hypertension, smooth muscle relaxing activity; Minoxidil [2] vasodilator used for hypertension, also used to treat hair loss; Nicorandil [3] vasodilator used to treat angina; Pinacidil [4] Retigabine, [5] [6] an anticonvulsant; Flupirtine, analgesic with muscle relaxant and ...