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System Management Mode (SMM, sometimes called ring −2 in reference to protection rings) [1] [2] is an operating mode of x86 central processor units (CPUs) in which all normal execution, including the operating system, is suspended.
CPU [1] Microarch-itecture Cores/ threads Clock speed (base/turbo) Cache Litho-graphy Max. TDP Integrated Graphics Max. memory size EPT Works on QEMU-KVM Xen VMware ESXi Core2 Quad Q9400 [a] [3] Yorkfield: 4 / 4 2.66 GHz: 6 MB L2: 45 nm: 95 W: No [b] Unknown No Unknown Unknown Unknown Core2 Quad CPU Q9650 [a] Yorkfield: 4 / 4 3.0 GHz ...
The memory protection is based on the fact that OS running on the CPU (see figure) exclusively controls both the MMU and the IOMMU. The devices are physically unable to circumvent or corrupt configured memory management tables. In virtualization, guest operating systems can use hardware that is not specifically made for virtualization. Higher ...
x86 virtualization is the use of hardware-assisted virtualization capabilities on an x86/x86-64 CPU.. In the late 1990s x86 virtualization was achieved by complex software techniques, necessary to compensate for the processor's lack of hardware-assisted virtualization capabilities while attaining reasonable performance.
In computing, a virtual machine (VM) is the virtualization or emulation of a computer system. Virtual machines are based on computer architectures and provide the functionality of a physical computer. Their implementations may involve specialized hardware, software, or a combination of the two.
Rapid Virtualization Indexing (RVI), known as Nested Page Tables (NPT) during its development, is an AMD second generation hardware-assisted virtualization technology for the processor memory management unit (MMU). [1] [2] RVI was introduced in the third generation of Opteron processors, code name Barcelona. [3]
When the real-mode program attempts to do things like access certain I/O ports to use hardware devices or access certain regions in its memory space, the CPU traps these events and calls the V86 monitor, which examines what the real mode program is trying to do and either acts as a proxy to interface with the hardware, emulates the intended ...
With the introduction of Pentium 4 HT and Pentium D, each CPU core and each CPU thread are have the integrated LAPIC. The Message Signaled Interrupts (MSI) feature of the PCI 2.2 and later specifications cannot be used without the local APIC being enabled. [8] Use of MSI obviates the need for an I/O APIC.