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The Republic of Spanish Haiti gained independence from Spain in 1821, was occupied by Haiti, then gained independence as the First Dominican Republic; reoccupied by Spain 1861-1865, the Second Dominican Republic gained independence but was occupied by the United States 1916-1924. The Third Dominican Republic followed the U.S. occupation. 28
The decolonization of the Americas occurred over several centuries as most of the countries in the Americas gained their independence from European rule. The American Revolution was the first in the Americas, and the British defeat in the American Revolutionary War (1775–83) was a victory against a great power, aided by France and Spain, Britain's enemies.
As well as helping Chile gain independence from Spain Cochrane did the same for Peru too by mounting an effective blockade and transporting troops. He then moved on to Brazil in their fight for independence from Portugal. At their peak by 1819 around 10,000 men from the British Isles served in South America to fight against the Spanish. [113]
Around 60 countries gained independence from the United Kingdom throughout its history, the most in the world, followed by around 40 countries that gained independence from France throughout its history. [2] Over 50% of the world's borders today were drawn as a result of British and French imperialism. [3] [4] [5]
Venezuelan independence hero Antonio José de Sucre The Guayaquil Conference between the two Hispanic South American heroes of independence, San Martín and Bolívar On 9 October 1820, the Department of Guayaquil became the first territory in Ecuador to gain its independence from Spain, and it spawned most of the Ecuadorian coastal provinces ...
Like many Latin-American nations in the early 19th century, Peru experienced a wave of awareness and possibility of independence from Spain. However, unlike most Latin American nations, Peru's independence was conducted primarily by outsiders. [4] On 28 July 1821, José de San Martín declared the independence of Peru. [4]
The failed efforts in Spanish America to keep together most of the initial large states that emerged from independence— Gran Colombia, the Federal Republic of Central America [20] and the United Provinces of South America—resulted a number of domestic and interstate conflicts, which plagued the new countries. Brazil, in contrast to its ...
The result of the expansion of a North American fauna was a mass extinction in which hundreds of species disappeared in a relatively short time. About 60% of present-day South American mammals have evolved from North American species. [3] Some South American species were able to adapt and spread into North America.