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Alcohol ethoxylates and ethoxysulfates are surfactants, used widely in cosmetic and other commercial products. [1] The process is of great industrial significance, with more than 2,000,000 metric tons of various ethoxylates produced worldwide in 1994.
They find use as co-emulsifiers, emollients and thickeners in cosmetics and food industry. About 50% of fatty alcohols used commercially are of natural origin, the remainder being synthetic. [1] Fatty alcohol are converted to their ethoxylates by treatment with ethylene oxide: [6] RCH 2 OH + n C 2 H 4 O → RCH 2 (OCH 2 CH 2) n OH
Oxo alcohols are alcohols that are prepared by adding carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (usually combined as synthesis gas) to an olefin to obtain an aldehyde using the hydroformylation reaction and then hydrogenating the aldehyde to obtain the alcohol. [1]
Narrow-range ethoxylates (NREs) in chemistry are fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers with a narrow homolog distribution and are known nonionic surfactants.They can be produced industrially, for example, by the addition of ethylene oxide onto fatty alcohols in the presence of suitable catalysts (layer compounds which have been calcined or hydrophobized with fatty acids).
The production and use of nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates is prohibited for certain situations in the European Union due to its effects on health and the environment. [ 2 ] [ 51 ] In Europe, due to environmental concerns, they also have been replaced by more expensive alcohol ethoxylates , which are less problematic for the environment ...
Dodecanol / ˈ d oʊ ˈ d ɛ k ɑː n ɒ l /, or lauryl alcohol, is an organic compound produced industrially from palm kernel oil or coconut oil. It is a fatty alcohol . Sulfate esters of lauryl alcohol, especially sodium lauryl sulfate , are very widely used as surfactants .
Oleyl alcohol / ˈ oʊ l i ˌ ɪ l, ˈ oʊ l i əl /, [1] or cis-9-octadecen-1-ol, is an unsaturated fatty alcohol with the molecular formula C 18 H 36 O or the condensed structural formula CH 3 (CH 2) 7 −CH=CH−(CH 2) 8 OH. It is a colorless oil, mainly used in cosmetics.
It is a polyethylene glycol ether formed by combining synthetic C 12 –C 15 fatty alcohols with 12 moles of ethylene oxide. According to the INCI, "the term Pareth applies to ethoxylated paraffinic alcohols containing both even- and odd-carbon chain length fractions." [1]