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In literary criticism and rhetoric, a tautology is a statement that repeats an idea using near-synonymous morphemes, words or phrases, effectively "saying the same thing twice". [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Tautology and pleonasm are not consistently differentiated in literature. [ 3 ]
For example, because is a tautology of propositional logic, ((=)) ((=)) is a tautology in first order logic. Similarly, in a first-order language with a unary relation symbols R,S,T, the following sentence is a tautology:
Tautology may refer to: Tautology (language), a redundant statement in literature and rhetoric; Tautology (logic), in formal logic, a statement that is true in every ...
A tautophrase is a phrase or sentence that tautologically defines a term by repeating that term. The word was coined in 2006 by William Safire in The New York Times. Examples include: "Brexit means Brexit" (Theresa May) "A man's gotta do what a man's gotta do" "It ain't over 'till it's over"
Also apophthegm. A terse, pithy saying, akin to a proverb, maxim, or aphorism. aposiopesis A rhetorical device in which speech is broken off abruptly and the sentence is left unfinished. apostrophe A figure of speech in which a speaker breaks off from addressing the audience (e.g., in a play) and directs speech to a third party such as an opposing litigant or some other individual, sometimes ...
Tautological consequence can also be defined as ∧ ∧ ... ∧ → is a substitution instance of a tautology, with the same effect. [2]It follows from the definition that if a proposition p is a contradiction then p tautologically implies every proposition, because there is no truth valuation that causes p to be true and so the definition of tautological implication is trivially satisfied.
In the latter case, a (declarative) sentence is just one way of expressing an underlying statement. A statement is what a sentence means, it is the notion or idea that a sentence expresses, i.e., what it represents. For example, it could be said that "2 + 2 = 4" and "two plus two equals four" are two different sentences expressing the same ...
In propositional logic, tautology is either of two commonly used rules of replacement. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The rules are used to eliminate redundancy in disjunctions and conjunctions when they occur in logical proofs .