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2. Cognisable offence - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognisable_offence

   The Section 154 in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, of India states: . Every information relating to the commission of a cognizable offence, if given orally to an officer in charge of a police station, shall be reduced to writing by him or under his direction, and be read over to the informant; and every such information, whether given in writing or reduced to writing as aforesaid, shall ...

3. Demurrer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demurrer

   Demurrers are still used in California [3] and Virginia [4] state court civil practice. In California, a demurrer must assume the truth of the facts alleged by the complaining party, but challenges the complaint as a matter of law. [5] If a demurrer is sustained regarding the form of the complaint, leave to amend is liberally granted, and ...

4. Unruh Civil Rights Act - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unruh_Civil_Rights_Act

   The Unruh Civil Rights Act (colloquially the "Unruh Act") is an expansive 1959 California law that prohibits California businesses from engaging in unlawful discrimination against all persons (consumers) within California's jurisdiction, where the unlawful discrimination is in part based on a person's sex, race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, age, disability, medical condition ...

5. First information report - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_information_report

   A first information report (FIR) is a document prepared by police organisations in many South and Southeast Asian countries, including Myanmar, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan, when they receive information about the commission of a cognisable offence, or in Singapore when the police receive information about any criminal offence.

6. California Codes - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Codes

   In turn, it was the California Practice Act that served as the foundation of the California Code of Civil Procedure. New York never enacted Field's proposed civil or political codes, and belatedly enacted his proposed penal and criminal procedure codes only after California, but they were the basis of the codes enacted by California in 1872. [11]

7. Classes of offenses under United States federal law - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classes_of_offenses_under...

   Special assessment [6] [note 4] Felony A Life imprisonment (or death in certain cases of murder, treason, espionage or mass trafficking of drugs) $250,000: 1-5 years: 5 years: 5 years: $100 B 25 years or more: $250,000: 5 years: 3 years: $100 C More than 10 years and less than 25 years: $250,000: 3 years: 2 years: $100 D More than 5 years and ...

8. Citizen's arrest - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen's_arrest

   A citizen's arrest is an arrest made by a private citizen – a person who is not acting as a sworn law-enforcement official. [1] In common law jurisdictions, the practice dates back to medieval England and the English common law, in which sheriffs encouraged ordinary citizens to help apprehend law breakers.

9. Cause of action - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cause_of_action

   Perhaps the best known case creating an implied cause of action for constitutional rights is Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents, 403 U.S. 388 (1971). In that case, the United States Supreme Court ruled that an individual whose Fourth Amendment freedom from unreasonable search and seizures had been violated by federal agents could sue for the violation of the Amendment itself, despite the lack ...