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Money laundering is the process of illegally concealing the origin of money obtained from illicit activities (often known as dirty money) such as drug trafficking, underground sex work, terrorism, corruption, embezzlement, and treason, and converting the funds into a seemingly legitimate source, usually through a front organization.
In 2005, money laundering within the financial industry in the UK was believed to amount to £25bn a year. [5] In 2009, a United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) study [ 6 ] estimated that criminal proceeds amounted to 3.6% of global GDP , with 2.7% (or US$1.6 trillion) being laundered.
A money laundering offence under UK legislation need not even involve money, since the money laundering legislation covers assets of any description. In consequence, any person who commits an acquisitive crime (i.e., one that produces some benefit in the form of money or an asset of any description) in the UK inevitably also commits a money ...
A well-known early example of money laundering using cryptocurrencies is Silk Road. Shut down in 2013 with its founder Ross Ulbricht indicted for among other counts a money laundering conspiracy, the website was used for several illicit activities including money laundering solely using Bitcoin as a form of payment.
The Third Anti-Money Laundering Directive 2005/60/EC, adopted on October 26, 2005, [10] was transposed into national law by Ordinance 2009-104 of January 30, 2009. [11] This transposition marked a shift from a threshold-based approach to due diligence to a risk-based approach that considers the actual risk of money laundering.
Some examples include human trafficking, money laundering, drug smuggling, illegal arms dealing, terrorism, and cybercrime. Although it is impossible to precisely gauge transnational crime, the Millennium Project, an international think tank, assembled statistics on several aspects of transnational crime in 2009: [18]
The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, which charters and supervises all national banks, said that it expects banks to assess the risks of their customers on a case-by-case basis.
The Anti-Money Laundering Improvement Act established national and international policies to prevent and combat money laundering and terrorist financing. [1]It protects the integrity of financial institutions by detecting money laundering activities, which involve converting illegally obtained funds into legitimate assets through complex transactions and disguising the proceeds as lawful funds.