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AHA peels are not indicated for treating wrinkles. [3] [4] AHA peels may cause stinging, skin redness, mild skin irritation, and dryness. Higher pH levels and lower percentages of hydroxy acids are commonly used as home peels. These will not work as quickly as an in-office procedure, but can be economical for many people.
Kempers S, Katz HI, Wildnauer R, Green B (June 1998). "An evaluation of the effect of an alpha hydroxy acid-blend skin cream in the cosmetic improvement of symptoms of moderate to severe xerosis, epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, and ichthyosis". Cutis. 61 (6): 347– 50. PMID 9640557.
Medium depth peels remove skin cells deeper into the dermal layer exposing living cells and often requires 10-12 days to heal. Deep acid peels are medically performed, surgical peels, that remove living tissue and is usually reserved for severely sun damaged, wrinkled for acne-scarred, skin. Healing and recovery time can be significant.
Citric acid is an alpha hydroxy acid and is an active ingredient in chemical skin peels. [36] Citric acid is commonly used as a buffer to increase the solubility of brown heroin. [37] Citric acid is used as one of the active ingredients in the production of facial tissues with antiviral properties. [38]
The name "glycolic acid" was coined in 1848 by French chemist Auguste Laurent (1807–1853). He proposed that the amino acid glycine—which was then called glycocolle—might be the amine of a hypothetical acid, which he called "glycolic acid" (acide glycolique).
Exfoliation methods used in Canada, 2011. Shown: top right, a bath sponge made of plastic mesh; lower right, a brush with a pumice stone on one side and a natural bristle brush on the other side, for foot exfoliation; lower left, a mud mask package for facial exfoliation; top left, a jar of perfumed body scrub to be used while bathing.
Mandelic acid is an aromatic alpha hydroxy acid with the molecular formula C 6 H 5 CH(OH)CO 2 H. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents. It is a useful precursor to various drugs. The molecule is chiral. The racemic mixture is known as paramandelic acid.
Using alpha-hydroxy acid peels may help relieve redness caused by irritation, and reduce papules and pustules associated with rosacea. [35] Oral Beta-blockers are often used for those with flushing due to rosacea. These include nadolol, propranolol or carvedilol.
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