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Excommunication is an ecclesiastical penalty placed on a person to encourage the person to return to the communion of the church. An excommunicated person cannot receive any sacraments or exercise an office within the church until the excommunication is lifted by a valid authority in the church (usually a bishop). Previously, other penalties ...
A Letter to a CES Director, later renamed CES Letter, is an open letter critical of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). In 2012, Jeremy Runnells began to experience doubts over his faith.
He was excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII three separate times, and once more by Pope Urban II. The first was on 22 February 1076 over the Investiture Controversy. This excommunication was lifted on 28 January 1077 after Henry's public show of penitence known as the Road to Canossa. His second excommunication by Gregory was on 7 March 1080, and ...
Excommunication is intended to invite the person to change behaviour or attitude, repent, and return to full communion. [1] It is not an "expiatory penalty" designed to make satisfaction for the wrong done, much less a "vindictive penalty" designed solely to punish. Excommunication, which is the gravest penalty of all, is always "medicinal". [2]
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In the Catholic Church, excommunication is normally resolved by a declaration of repentance, profession of the Creed (if the offense involved heresy) and an Act of Faith, or renewal of obedience (if that was a relevant part of the offending act, i.e., an act of schism) by the excommunicated person and the lifting of the censure by a priest or ...
People excommunicated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) since Brigham Young assumed leadership of the church in 1844. For those excommunicated between 1830 and 1844 under the leadership of Joseph Smith, see Category:People excommunicated by the Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints). Since 2020, the LDS Church has ...
Runnells grew up as a sixth-generation member of the LDS Church with pioneer ancestry, [3] which traces back to Nauvoo, Illinois. [4]Runnells was born in Whittier, California and grew up in various cities across Southern California.