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The Vroom–Yetton contingency model is a situational leadership theory of industrial and organizational psychology developed by Victor Vroom, in collaboration with Philip Yetton (1973) and later with Arthur Jago (1988). The situational theory argues the best style of leadership is contingent to the situation.
Vroom [1] [3] identified five types of decision-making processes, each varying on degree of participation by the leader. Decide: The leader makes the decision or solves the problem alone and announces his/her decision to the group. The leader may gather information from members of the group.
Democratic leadership, also known as participative leadership, is a type of leadership style in which members of the group take a more participative role in the decision-making process. Researchers have found that this leadership style is usually one of the most effective and leads to higher productivity, better contributions from group members ...
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The participatory management model or at least techniques for systematically sharing authority emphasize concerns with the delegation of decision making authority to employees. Participatory management has cut across many disciplines such as public administration, urban planning, and public policy making.
Vroom was born in Montreal, Quebec on August 9, 1932. [1] He held a PhD from University of Michigan and an MS and BS from McGill University.Dr. Vroom initially was interested in music as a child, but later found interest in psychology after taking a career interests test in high school that showed he had the best potential of being either a musician or a psychologist. [2]
The theory focuses on types of leader-subordinate relationships [4] which are further classified into subgroups, namely the in-group and the out-group. [5] The in-group consists of members that receive greater responsibilities and encouragement, [5] and are able to express opinions without having any restrictions.
In business and project management, a responsibility assignment matrix [1] (RAM), also known as RACI matrix [2] (/ ˈ r eɪ s i /; responsible, accountable, consulted, and informed) [3] [4] or linear responsibility chart [5] (LRC), is a model that describes the participation by various roles in completing tasks or deliverables [4] for a project or business process.