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Splenic infarction is a condition in which blood flow supply to the spleen is compromised, [1] leading to partial or complete infarction (tissue death due to oxygen shortage) in the organ. [2] Splenic infarction occurs when the splenic artery or one of its branches are occluded, for example by a blood clot .
Splenic artery aneurysms are rare, but still the third most common abdominal aneurysm, after aneurysms of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries. [2] [3] They may occur in pregnant women in the third trimester and rupture carries a maternal mortality of greater than 50% and a fetal mortality of 70 to 90%.
Splenic artery embolization is a minimally invasive procedure and, where successful, avoids splenectomy. If an individual's spleen is enlarged, as is frequent in mononucleosis , most physicians will advise against activities (such as contact sports ) where injury to the abdomen could be catastrophic.
Blunt splenic trauma most often occurs in automobile accident victims, in which it is a leading cause of internal bleeding. However, any type of major impact directed to the spleen may cause splenic trauma. This can happen in bicycling accidents, when the handlebar is forced into the left subcostal margin, and into the spleen.
Also, blood clots may form on the inside of ventricular aneurysms, and form embolisms. If such a clot escapes from the aneurysm, it will be moved in the circulation throughout the body. If it gets stuck inside a blood vessel, it may cause ischemia in a limb, a painful condition that can lead to reduced movement and tissue death in the limb. [1]
A Florida surgeon mistakenly removed a man’s liver instead of his spleen, causing him to die on the operating table, a lawyer for the man’s widow alleges.
Splenomegaly can result in hematologic disturbances and abdominal pain and can increase the risk for splenic rupture, which also causes spleen pain, from blunt trauma, resulting in life-threatening internal bleeding. [2] Many conditions can cause splenomegaly, such as various infections, liver disease, and cancer. [2]
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