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  2. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporomandibular_joint...

    The TMJs are sometimes described as one of the most used joints in the body. Over time, either with normal use or with parafunctional use of the joint, wear and degeneration can occur, termed osteoarthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune joint disease, can also affect the TMJs. Degenerative joint diseases may lead to defects in the shape ...

  3. Jaw abnormality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaw_abnormality

    Growth of mandible depends on the normally developing condyles and the muscle function For example, trauma or infection that affect mastoid, middle ear or the joint will result in ankylosis of temporomandibular joint leading to mandibular micrognathia. [31] Macronagthia; Macronagthia is a condition of abnormally large jaws.

  4. Orofacial myofunctional disorders - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orofacial_myofunctional...

    Mouth breathing can particularly affect the growing face, as the abnormal pull of these muscle groups on facial bones slowly deforms these bones, causing misalignment. The earlier in life these changes take place, the greater the alterations in facial growth, and ultimately an open mouth posture is created where the upper lip is raised and the ...

  5. List of instruments used in otorhinolaryngology, head and ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_instruments_used...

    open the ear canal •Seigle's pneumatic speculum: open the ear canal and give a magnification; test the mobility of tympanic membrane; see a magnified image of small perforations; introduce medicine into middle ear; perform Fistula test for vestibular function •Aural/Ear speculum: to fit in and straighten the external ear canal: Lack's ...

  6. Parry–Romberg syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parry–Romberg_syndrome

    The cartilage of the nose, ear and larynx can be involved. The disease has been reported to affect both sides of the face in 5 to 10% of cases. [6] Symptoms and physical findings usually become apparent during the first or early during the second decade of life.

  7. Otorhinolaryngology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otorhinolaryngology

    A 40-watt CO 2 laser used in otorhinolaryngology Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital founded in 1874, in London. Otorhinolaryngology (/ oʊ t oʊ ˌ r aɪ n oʊ ˌ l ær ɪ n ˈ ɡ ɒ l ə dʒ i / oh-toh-RY-noh-LARR-in-GOL-ə-jee, abbreviated ORL and also known as otolaryngology, otolaryngology – head and neck surgery (ORL–H&N or OHNS), or ear, nose, and throat (ENT) ) is a ...

  8. Jaw jerk reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaw_jerk_reflex

    A study also reports that 52% of the elderly exhibit an absence of jaw jerk reflex, in an average age of 81.8 years. [7] Jaw muscles do not display very prominent changes in muscular tissue with age in healthy elderly, as their oral cavities are in constant motor movement (i.e.: performing tasks such as talking and chewing etc.).

  9. Hyperacusis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperacusis

    It may affect one or both ears. [12] The majority of patients experience bilateral symptoms but often have one ear that is more affected than the other. Annoyance hyperacusis is often considered synonymous with misophonia. Fear hyperacusis is often considered synonymous with phonophobia. Many researchers more narrowly define hyperacusis to only ...

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