Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The resulting nitrilium ion is hydrolyzed to the desired amide. Primary, [7] secondary, [4] tertiary, [8] and benzylic [9] alcohols, [1] as well as tert-butyl acetate, [10] also successfully react with nitriles in the presence of strong acids to form amides via the Ritter reaction. A wide range of nitriles can be used.
The conversion of a general nitrile to either an amide or carboxylic acid is facilitated by nitrilase. [5] [1] Below is a list of steps involved in transforming a generic nitrile compound with nitrilase: [4] The electrophilic carbon of the nitrile is subject to nucleophilic attack by one of the two SH groups on nitrilase.
Reaction of the nitrile with alcohol in the presence of acid gives an iminoether. Treatment of the resulting compound with ammonia then completes the conversion to the amidine. [ 1 ] Instead of using a Bronsted acid , Lewis acids such as aluminium trichloride promote the direct amination of nitriles , [ 2 ] or, in certain exceptional cases, of ...
Nitrile hydratase and amidase are two hydrating and hydrolytic enzymes responsible for the sequential metabolism of nitriles in bacteria that are capable of utilising nitriles as their sole source of nitrogen and carbon, and in concert act as an alternative to nitrilase activity, which performs nitrile hydrolysis without formation of an intermediate primary amide.
This reaction involves the preparation of aldehydes (R-CHO) from nitriles (R-CN) using tin(II) chloride (SnCl 2), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and quenching the resulting iminium salt ([R-CH=NH 2] + Cl −) with water (H 2 O). [1] [2] During the synthesis, ammonium chloride is also produced. It is a type of nucleophilic addition reaction. Stephen ...
The result is a condensation reaction: [5] (RCO) 2 O + R′NH 2 → (RCO) 2 NR′ + H 2 O. These reactions proceed via the intermediacy of amides. The intramolecular reaction of a carboxylic acid with an amide is far faster than the intermolecular reaction, which is rarely observed.
With ammonia or an amine to form an amidine (di-nitriles may form imidines, for instance succinimidine from succinonitrile) [7] With water to form an ester; With hydrogen sulfide to form a thionoester; Commonly, the Pinner salt itself is not isolated, with the reaction being continued to give the desired functional group (orthoester etc.) in ...
In the third step, an isomerization step protonates the nitrogen atom leading to the amide. The Beckmann rearrangement mechanism The same computation with a hydroxonium ion and 6 molecules of water has the same result, but when the migrating substituent is a phenyl group, the mechanism favors the formation of an intermediate three-membered π ...