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World map of GMO agriculture (hectares) [1] The regulation of genetic engineering varies widely by country. Countries such as the United States, Canada, Lebanon and Egypt use substantial equivalence as the starting point when assessing safety, while many countries such as those in the European Union, Brazil and China authorize GMO cultivation on a case-by-case basis.
Venezuela banned genetically modified seeds in 2004, [11] in 2008, Ecuador prohibited genetically engineered crops and seeds in its 2008 Constitution, approved by 64% of the population in a referendum [12] (although Ecuadorian President Rafael Correa said in 2012 that this was "a mistake"). [13] Peru has banned transgenic crops. [13]
While GMOs have been approved since then, approvals remain controversial and various countries have utilized opt-out provisions. In 2006, the World Trade Organization ruled that the pre-2004 restrictions had been violations, [489] [490] although the ruling had little immediate effect since the moratorium had already been lifted.
It is an international treaty that governs the transfer, handling, and use of genetically modified (GM) organisms. It is focussed on movement of GMOs between countries and has been called a de facto trade agreement. [12] One hundred and fifty-seven countries are members of the Protocol and many use it as a reference point for their own regulations.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 5 February 2025. Foods produced from organisms that have had changes introduced into their DNA Part of a series on Genetic engineering Genetically modified organisms Bacteria Viruses Animals Mammals Fish Insects Plants Maize/corn Rice Soybean Potato History and regulation History Regulation Substantial ...
The EU had a 'de facto' ban on the approval of new GM crops, from 1999 until 2004. [243] [244] GM crops are now regulated by the EU. [245] Developing countries grew 54 percent of genetically engineered crops in 2013. [1] In recent years GM crops expanded rapidly in developing countries. In 2013 approximately 18 million farmers grew 54% of ...
The release of transgenic crops in India is governed by the Indian Environment Protection Act, which was enacted in 1986. The Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBSC), Review Committee on Genetic Manipulation (RCGM) and Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) all review any genetically modified organism to be released, with transgenic crops also needing permission from the Ministry of ...
Critics charge that GMO conspiracy theories are largely promulgated by those opposing the production and sale of GMOs, and instances of unsubstantiated conspiracy theories have lately occurred in the context of public health issues that are mostly unrelated to GMOs, including the 2015–16 Zika virus outbreak and concerns over food safety at ...