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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that results in the loss of neurons and synapses in the cerebral cortex and certain subcortical structures, resulting in gross atrophy of the temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and parts of the frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus. [14] It is the most common neurodegenerative disease. [1]
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and progressively worsens. [2] It is the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia . [ 2 ] [ 15 ] The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events . [ 1 ]
Degenerative disease is the result of a continuous process based on degenerative cell changes, affecting tissues or organs, which will increasingly deteriorate over time. [ 1 ] In neurodegenerative diseases , cells of the central nervous system stop working or die via neurodegeneration .
Parkinson's disease (PD), or simply Parkinson's, is a neurodegenerative disease primarily of the central nervous system, affecting both motor and non-motor systems. Symptoms typically develop gradually, with non-motor issues becoming more prevalent as the disease progresses.
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disease involving the gradual deterioration and death of specific volumes of the brain. [1] [2] The condition leads to symptoms including loss of balance, slowing of movement, difficulty moving the eyes, and cognitive impairment. [1]
A higher proportion of frontotemporal dementias seem to have a familial component than other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. More and more mutations and genetic variants are being identified all the time, needing constant updating of genetic influences.
Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in a single gene HTT, that encodes for huntingtin protein. Symptoms include cognitive impairment and this usually declines further into dementia. [86] The first main symptoms of Huntington's disease often include: difficulty concentrating; memory lapses
Dementia may occur when neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular pathologies are mixed, as in susceptible elderly people (75 years and older). [2] [5] Cognitive decline can be traced back to occurrence of successive strokes. [4] ICD-11 lists vascular dementia as dementia due to cerebrovascular disease. [1]