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[citation needed] The heart rate formula most often used for the Bruce is the Karvonen formula (below). A more accurate formula, offered in a study published in the journal, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, is 206.9 - (0.67 x age) which can also be used to more accurately determine VO2 Max, but may produce significantly different results.
The Karvonen method factors in resting heart rate (HR rest) to calculate target heart rate (THR), using a range of 50–85% intensity: [54] THR = ((HR max − HR rest) × % intensity) + HR rest. Equivalently, THR = (HR reserve × % intensity) + HR rest. Example for someone with a HR max of 180 and a HR rest of 70 (and therefore a HR reserve of ...
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Cooper studied the effect of exercise in the late 1960s and popularized the term "training effect" [13] although that term had been used before. [14] [15] The measured effects were that muscles of respiration were strengthened, the heart was strengthened, blood pressure was sometimes lowered and the total amount of blood and number of red blood cells increased, making the blood a more ...
S-(+)-Carvone is the principal constituent (60–70%) of the oil from caraway seeds (Carum carvi), [8] which is produced on a scale of about 10 tonnes per year. [3] It also occurs to the extent of about 40–60% in dill seed oil (from Anethum graveolens), and also in mandarin orange peel oil.
The Chudnovsky algorithm is a fast method for calculating the digits of π, based on Ramanujan's π formulae.Published by the Chudnovsky brothers in 1988, [1] it was used to calculate π to a billion decimal places.
In thermodynamics, the Gibbs free energy (or Gibbs energy as the recommended name; symbol ) is a thermodynamic potential that can be used to calculate the maximum amount of work, other than pressure–volume work, that may be performed by a thermodynamically closed system at constant temperature and pressure.
In mathematics, the Crofton formula, named after Morgan Crofton (1826–1915), (also Cauchy-Crofton formula) is a classic result of integral geometry relating the length of a curve to the expected number of times a "random" line intersects it.