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Perchloric acid forms an azeotrope with water, consisting of about 72.5% perchloric acid. This form of the acid is stable indefinitely and is commercially available. Such solutions are hygroscopic. Thus, if left open to the air, concentrated perchloric acid dilutes itself by absorbing water from the air.
A compound which is a weak acid in water may become a strong acid in DMSO. ... perchloric acid: 7-8 † chloric acid: 5-1 chlorous acid: 3: 2.0 hypochlorous acid: 1: 7.53
Perchloric acid is made by treating NaClO 4 with HCl. [5] Ammonium perchlorate and potassium perchlorate, of interest in rocketry and pyrotechnics, are prepared by double decomposition from a solution of sodium perchlorate and ammonium chloride or potassium chloride, respectively.
The perchlorate ion forms when they dissolve in water, dissociating into ions. Many perchlorate salts also exhibit good solubility in non-aqueous solvents. [4] Four perchlorates are of primary commercial interest: ammonium perchlorate (NH 4)ClO 4, perchloric acid HClO 4, potassium perchlorate KClO 4 and sodium perchlorate NaClO 4.
Hypochlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cl O H, also written as HClO, HOCl, or ClHO. [2] [3] Its structure is H−O−Cl.It is an acid that forms when chlorine dissolves in water, and itself partially dissociates, forming a hypochlorite anion, ClO −.
A concentrated solution of this strong electrolyte has a lower vapor pressure than that of pure water at ... Perchloric acid ... , HNO 3; Chloric acid, HClO 3; ...
For example, anhydrous acetic acid (CH 3 COOH) as solvent is a weaker proton acceptor than water. Strong aqueous acids such as hydrochloric acid and perchloric acid are only partly dissociated in anhydrous acetic acid and their strengths are unequal; in fact perchloric acid is about 5000 times stronger than hydrochloric acid in this solvent. [3]
It may be produced from barium chlorate through its reaction with sulfuric acid, which results in a solution of chloric acid and insoluble barium sulfate precipitate: [2] Ba(ClO 3) 2 + H 2 SO 4 → 2 HClO 3 + BaSO 4. The chlorate must be dissolved in boiling water and the acid should be somewhat diluted in water and heated before mixing.