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Line chart showing the population of the town of Pushkin, Saint Petersburg from 1800 to 2010, measured at various intervals. A line chart or line graph, also known as curve chart, [1] is a type of chart that displays information as a series of data points called 'markers' connected by straight line segments. [2]
Statistical tests are used to test the fit between a hypothesis and the data. [1] [2] Choosing the right statistical test is not a trivial task. [1]The choice of the test depends on many properties of the research question.
It says what fraction of the variance of the data is explained by the fitted trend line. It does not relate to the statistical significance of the trend line (see graph); the statistical significance of the trend is determined by its t-statistic. Often, filtering a series increases r 2 while making little difference to the fitted trend.
for i = 1, 2, ..., n, where a = 3/8 if n ≤ 10 and 0.5 for n > 10, and Φ −1 is the standard normal quantile function. If the data are consistent with a sample from a normal distribution, the points should lie close to a straight line. As a reference, a straight line can be fit to the points.
Graphical statistical methods have four objectives: [2] The exploration of the content of a data set; The use to find structure in data; Checking assumptions in statistical models; Communicate the results of an analysis. If one is not using statistical graphics, then one is forfeiting insight into one or more aspects of the underlying structure ...
Dot plots are one of the simplest statistical plots, and are suitable for small to moderate sized data sets. They are useful for highlighting clusters and gaps, as well as outliers. Their other advantage is the conservation of numerical information.
The Keynesian cross diagram includes an identity line to show states in which aggregate demand equals output. In a 2-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, with x representing the abscissa and y the ordinate, the identity line [1] [2] or line of equality [3] is the y = x line. The line, sometimes called the 1:1 line, has a slope of 1. [4]
A trend line could simply be drawn by eye through a set of data points, but more properly their position and slope is calculated using statistical techniques like linear regression. Trend lines typically are straight lines, although some variations use higher degree polynomials depending on the degree of curvature desired in the line.