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Hupa traditional narratives include myths, legends, tales, and oral histories preserved by the Hupa, Chilula, and Whilkut people of the Trinity River basin and vicinity of northwestern California. The Hupa people of modern times number in the several thousands and live in the Hoopa Valley located in Humboldt County, California .
Hupa people migrated from the north into northern California around 1000 CE [2] and settled in Hoopa Valley, California (Hupa: Natinook). Their heritage language is Hupa, which is a member of the Athabaskan language family. Their land stretched from the South Fork of the Trinity River to Hoopa Valley, to the Klamath River in California.
The primary language was the Tsnungwe dialect of Hupa, and the secondary language was Chimariko, although spoken with a Hupa accent. [ 3 ] The Tsnungwe include two sub-groups called łe:lxwe ('People of łe:l-ding ') after their most important settlement and religious center, and the Chima:lxwe' / Chimalakwe / Tł'oh-mitah-xwe ('grass, prairies ...
He was the author of several scholarly books and numerous articles on American Indian languages, including three grammars of Hupa (1970, 1986a, 1996b) and a 1000-page compendium of the Hupa lexical and grammatical materials collected in 1927 by Edward Sapir (Sapir & Golla 2001).
Folklorists have commonly attempted to distinguish between myths, legends, tales, and histories. Myths are sacred accounts that are believed by narrators and listeners to be true. They are set in a period at or before the origins of the world as it is known, and they usually contain strong supernatural elements.
Hupa (native name: Na꞉tinixwe Mixine꞉wheʼ, lit. ' language of the Hoopa Valley people ') is an Athabaskan language (of Na-Dené stock) spoken along the lower course of the Trinity River in Northwestern California by the Hoopa Valley Hupa (Na꞉tinixwe) and Tsnungwe/South Fork Hupa (Tse꞉ningxwe) and, before European contact, by the Chilula and Whilkut peoples, to the west.
Wiyot traditional narratives include myths, legends, tales, and oral histories preserved by the Wiyot people of the Humboldt Bay area of northwestern California.. Wiyot oral literature shares elements with the distinctive Yurok-Karuk-Hupa area of northwestern California, as well as with the more widely distributed patterns of central California.
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