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The coupon payment frequency. 1 = annual, 2 = semi-annual, 4 = quarterly, 12 = monthly, etc. Principal Par value of the investment. (Also known as "face value", "nominal value" or just "par"). In the case of an amortizing bond, it is the unpaid principal = outstanding principal amount (OPA) = principal balance.
Yield to put (YTP): same as yield to call, but when the bond holder has the option to sell the bond back to the issuer at a fixed price on specified date. Yield to worst (YTW): when a bond is callable, puttable, exchangeable, or has other features, the yield to worst is the lowest yield of yield to maturity, yield to call, yield to put, and others.
Given: 0.5-year spot rate, Z1 = 4%, and 1-year spot rate, Z2 = 4.3% (we can get these rates from T-Bills which are zero-coupon); and the par rate on a 1.5-year semi-annual coupon bond, R3 = 4.5%. We then use these rates to calculate the 1.5 year spot rate. We solve the 1.5 year spot rate, Z3, by the formula below:
In finance, a coupon is the interest payment received by a bondholder from the date of issuance until the date of maturity of a bond. [ 1 ] Coupons are normally described in terms of the "coupon rate", which is calculated by adding the sum of coupons paid per year and dividing it by the bond's face value . [ 2 ]
Since a loan by a borrower is an investment for the lender, both terms can apply to the same transaction, depending on the point of view. For a zero-coupon bond such as a US treasury bill, an annual effective discount rate may be specified instead of an effective interest rate, because zero coupon bonds trade at a discount from their face values.
Tree returning the OAS (black vs red): the short rate is the top value; the development of the bond value shows pull-to-par clearly . A short-rate model, in the context of interest rate derivatives, is a mathematical model that describes the future evolution of interest rates by describing the future evolution of the short rate, usually written .
The current yield, interest yield, income yield, flat yield, market yield, mark to market yield or running yield is a financial term used in reference to bonds and other fixed-interest securities such as gilts. It is the ratio of the annual interest payment and the bond's price:
Illustration of the payment streams represented by actuarial notation for annuities. The basic symbol for the present value of an annuity is . The following notation can then be added: Notation to the top-right indicates the frequency of payment (i.e., the number of annuity payments that will be made during each year).