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Social movements are groupings of individuals or organizations which focus on political or social issues. This list excludes the following: Artistic movements: see list of art movements. Independence movements: see lists of active separatist movements and list of historical separatist movements
Social movement theory is an interdisciplinary study within the social sciences that generally seeks to explain why social mobilization occurs, the forms under which it manifests, as well as potential social, cultural, political, and economic consequences, such as the creation and functioning of social movements.
A social movement is a loosely organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular goal, typically a social or political one. [1] [2] This may be to carry out a social change, or to resist or undo one.
Political opportunity theory, also known as the political process theory or political opportunity structure, is an approach of social movements that is heavily influenced by political sociology. It argues that success or failure of social movements is affected primarily by political opportunities.
Repertoire of contention refers, in social movement theory, to the set of various protest-related tools and actions available to a movement or related organization in a given time frame. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The historian Charles Tilly , who brought the concept into common usage, also referred to the "repertoire of collective action."
Social movement impact theory has been studied far less than most other subcategories of social movement theory, mostly due to methodological issues. It is relatively new, and was only introduced in 1975 with William Gamson's book "The Strategy of Social Protest", followed by Piven and Cloward's book Poor People's Movements.
Value-added theory (also known as social strain theory) is a sociological theory, first proposed by Neil Smelser in 1962, which posits that certain conditions are needed for the development of a social movement.
The concept of altruism has a history in philosophical and ethical thought. The term was coined in the 19th century by the founding sociologist and philosopher of science Auguste Comte, and has become a major topic for psychologists (especially evolutionary psychology researchers), evolutionary biologists, and ethologists.