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The analytical profile index (API) was invented in the 1970s in the United States by Pierre Janin of Analytab Products Inc. [2] The API test system is currently manufactured by bioMérieux. [3] The API range introduced a standardized and miniaturized version of existing techniques, which were considered complicated to perform and difficult to read.
The alkali denaturation test, also known as A or Apt test, is a medical test used to differentiate fetal or neonatal blood from maternal blood found in a newborn's stool or vomit, or from maternal vaginal blood.
Immunologic pregnancy tests were introduced in 1960 when Wide and Gemzell presented a test based on in-vitro hemagglutination inhibition. This was a first step away from in-vivo pregnancy testing [42] [43] and initiated a series of improvements in pregnancy testing leading to the contemporary at-home testing. [43]
The resulting test report should specify the assay method and equipment used, and the report of a quantitative test should also provide a reference range for the test result. Many laboratories report reference ranges that are based on all other samples tested in that laboratory, necessarily including samples with abnormal AFP concentrations due ...
PUBS is not a diagnostic test that is indicated in every pregnancy. It is, however, suggested in pregnancy cases in which the blood gas levels and pH would aid in diagnosis of a condition, such as anemia, or delivery plan, if termination of the pregnancy is being considered or special plans must be made.
The term "rabbit test" was first recorded in 1949, and was the origin of a common euphemism, "the rabbit died", for a positive pregnancy test. [4] The phrase was, in fact, based on a common misconception about the test. While many people assumed that the injected rabbit would die only if the woman was pregnant, in fact all rabbits used for the ...
The use of ultrasound and biochemical markers to detect aneuploidies is usually done in the first and / or second trimester of pregnancy. [8] Aneuploidies is when a fetus retains an abnormal amount of haploid cells from their parents. However, both of these approaches have a high rate of false positive results of 2–7%. [9]
A grid follows. Each element has a diameter of 1 mm and consists of an electrostatic lens focusing arriving electrons through a 30 μm hole of a grounded sheet of aluminium. Behind that, a cylinder of the same size follows. The electron cloud induces a 300 ps negative pulse when entering the cylinder and a positive when leaving.