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Addressing the problems of racism and anti-semitism in 1939, Pius XII said: What a wonderful vision, which makes us contemplate the human race in the unity of its origin in God in the unity of its nature, composed equally in all men of a material body and a spiritual soul; in the unity of its immediate end and its mission in the world; in the unity of its dwelling, the earth, whose benefits ...
Pius I (Greek: Πίος) was the bishop of Rome from c. 140 to his death c. 154, [1] according to the Annuario Pontificio. His dates are listed as 142 or 146 to 157 or 161, respectively. [ 2 ] He is considered to have opposed both the Valentinians and Gnostics during his papacy.
Pope Pius X (Italian: Pio X; né Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto; [a] 2 June 1835 – 20 August 1914) was head of the Catholic Church from 4 August 1903 to his death. Pius X is known for vigorously opposing modernist interpretations of Catholic doctrine, and for promoting liturgical reforms and Thomist scholastic theology.
The Vulgate, made mostly by Jerome, had formed the textual basis for all Catholic vernacular translations of the Bible until Pius XII's encyclical. Divino afflante Spiritu inaugurated the modern period of Roman Catholic biblical studies by encouraging the study of textual criticism (or 'lower criticism'), pertaining to text of the Scriptures themselves and transmission thereof (for example, to ...
This Pius VII began to do in March 1814, which led the French authorities to re-arrest many of the opposing prelates. Their confinement, however, lasted only a matter of weeks, as Napoleon abdicated on 11 April of that year. [10] As soon as Pius VII returned to Rome, he immediately revived the Inquisition and the Index of Condemned Books.
Mediator Dei, par. 60), Pius XII approves the use of the vernacular in the Ritual for sacraments and other rites outside the Mass. All such permissions, however, were to be granted by the Holy See, and Pius XII strongly condemned the efforts of individual priests and communities to introduce the vernacular on their own authority.
The Vatican Council did prepare several decrees, which, with small changes, were all signed by Pius IX. They refer to the Catholic faith, God the creator of all things, divine revelation, the relation between faith and human reasoning, the primacy of the papacy and the infallibility of the papacy.
In Ineffabilis Deus and Pius XII's cases, the popes consulted with Catholic bishops before making their declaration. [ 65 ] Regarding historical papal documents, Catholic theologian and church historian Klaus Schatz made a thorough study, published in 1985, that claims the following list of documents to be ex cathedra : [ 66 ]