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Xerostomia is the subjective sensation of dry mouth, which is often (but not always) associated with hypofunction of the salivary glands. [3] The term is derived from the Greek words ξηρός (xeros) meaning "dry" and στόμα (stoma) meaning "mouth". [4] [5] A drug or substance that increases the rate of salivary flow is termed a sialogogue.
Chronic dry mouth is prevalent in a high proportion of the elderly population, affecting roughly one fifth of the group. [25] There has been a link between dry mouth and comorbid diseases including diabetes, Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease [14] [16] Additionally, xerostomia can arise from general dehydration. [26]
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a burning, tingling or scalding sensation in the mouth, lasting for at least four to six months, with no underlying known dental or medical cause. [ 3 ] [ 7 ] No related signs of disease are found in the mouth. [ 3 ]
Angular cheilitis typically starts with a red dry patch on the corners of the mouth. It can be on one or both sides, with a dry, scaly appearance, according to the Cleveland Clinic.
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Dry mouth (xerostomia) is frequently caused by medication and to a lesser extent, by anxiety or Sjögren's syndrome. [6] It can be useful to have the extent of dryness recorded. That is, if a person has a complaint of a dry mouth, the clinician can apply the Challacombe scale to determine its severity and whether treatment is required.
Salivary gland dysfunction affects the flow, amount, or quality of saliva produced. A reduced salivation is termed hyposalivation.Hyposalivation often results in a dry mouth condition called xerostomia, and this can cause tooth decay due to the loss of the protective properties of saliva.
In Sjögren syndrome, the prevalence of parotitis in women versus men is approximately 9:1. The involved parotid gland is enlarged and tender at times. The cause is unknown. The syndrome is often characterized by excessive dryness in the eyes, mouth, nose, vagina, and skin. [2]
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