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Benign symmetric lipomatosis, also known as Madelung's disease, is an adult-onset skin condition characterized by extensive symmetric fat deposits in the head, neck, and shoulder girdle area. [1] The symmetrical fat deposits are made of unencapsulated lipomas , which distinguishes it from typical lipomatosis which has encapsulated lipomas that ...
They usually occur just under the skin, but occasionally may be deeper. [1] Most are less than 5 cm (2.0 in) in size. [2] Common locations include upper back, shoulders, and abdomen. [4] It is possible to have several lipomas. [3] The cause is generally unclear. [1] Risk factors include family history, obesity, and lack of exercise.
Avoiding activities such as squatting, kneeling, heavy lifting, climbing, and even running can help prevent pain. Despite this, some exercises can help relieve pain, and a physiotherapist may instruct on hamstring stretching to reduce pressure on the Baker's Cyst, and strengthening exercises for the quadriceps and/or the patellar ligament. [7]
Diagnosis is typically based on examination. The ability to shine through the bump or any past decrease in size supports the diagnosis of the bump as a ganglion cyst. [4] Ganglion cysts are usually obvious upon observation. Medical imaging may be considered on infrequent occasions to rule out another diagnosis. [3] [4] Treatment is not necessary.
Subacromial bursitis is a condition caused by inflammation of the bursa that separates the superior surface of the supraspinatus tendon (one of the four tendons of the rotator cuff) from the overlying coraco-acromial ligament, acromion, and coracoid (the acromial arch) and from the deep surface of the deltoid muscle. [1]
Shoulder pain or tenderness and, occasionally, a bump in the middle of the top of the shoulder (over the AC joint) are signs that a separation may have occurred. Sometimes the severity of a separation can be detected by taking X-rays while the patient holds a light weight that pulls on the muscles, making a separation more pronounced.
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Thyroglossal cyst usually presents as a midline neck lump (in the region of the hyoid bone) that is usually painless, smooth and cystic, though if infected, pain can occur. There may be difficulty breathing, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), or dyspepsia (discomfort in the upper abdomen), especially if the cyst becomes large.