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There is a scholarly consensus that the earliest Christian baptism was by immersion and in the name of Jesus Christ or the name of the Lord as found in scripture references (Acts 2:38, Acts 8:16, Acts 10:48, Acts 19:5, Acts 22:16) [79] Thomas Schreiner likewise states that "Most scholars agree that immersion was practiced in the NT", [80 ...
One of the earliest of the Church Fathers to enunciate clearly and unambiguously the doctrine of baptismal regeneration ("the idea that salvation happens at and by water baptism duly administered") was Cyprian (c. 200 – 258): "While he attributed all the saving energy to the grace of God, he considered the 'laver of saving water' the instrument of God that makes a person 'born again ...
The Church Fathers played a key role in defending orthodox Christianity against heresies and interpreting the faith. [ 5 ] Modern scholars, such as Shawn J. Wilhite (2024), define Patristics as spanning from 90–750 CE and incorporating both orthodox and heretical writings for historical context.
The Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture (ACCS) is a twenty-nine volume set of commentaries on the Bible published by InterVarsity Press.It is a confessionally collaborative project as individual editors have included scholars from Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, and Protestantism as well as Jewish participation. [1]
A young man in a robe also appears in Mark 16:5–7. Mark does not name the High Priest. [115] Witness testimony against Jesus does not agree. [116] The cock crows "twice" as predicted. [117] See also Fayyum Fragment. The other Gospels simply record, "the cock crew". Early codices 01, W, and most Western texts have the simpler version. [118]
[14]: 109 [15] [16] Early religious concepts and terminologies recur in the Dead Sea Scrolls, and yardena has been the name of every baptismal water in Mandaeism. [17] The Mandaic language is a dialect of southeastern Aramaic with Palestinian and Samaritan Aramaic , [ 18 ] [ 19 ] as well as Akkadian influences and is closely related to Syriac ...
In the Catholic Church tradition, Athanasius of Alexandria (c. 296 or 298 – 373), Basil of Caesarea (c. 330 – 379), Gregory of Nazianzus (329 – c. 390), and John Chrysostom (347–407) are four Greek Church Fathers each who are called the "Great Church Fathers", and in the Eastern Orthodox Church, three of these (Basil of Caesarea ...
Mark, Matthew, and Luke depict the baptism in parallel passages. In all three gospels, the Spirit of God — the Holy Spirit in Luke, "the Spirit" in Mark, and "the Spirit of God" in Matthew — is depicted as descending upon Jesus immediately after his baptism accompanied by a voice from Heaven, but the accounts of Luke and Mark record the voice as addressing Jesus by saying "You are my ...