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For single-turn potentiometers, this wiper typically travels just under one revolution around the contact. The only point of ingress for contamination is the narrow space between the shaft and the housing it rotates in. Another type is the linear slider potentiometer, which has a wiper which slides along a linear element instead of rotating.
A typical low power potentiometer (see drawing) is constructed of a flat resistance element (B) of carbon composition, metal film, or conductive plastic, with a springy phosphor bronze wiper contact (C) which moves along the surface. An alternate construction is resistance wire wound on a form, with the wiper sliding axially along the coil. [14]
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The skeleton potentiometer works like a regular circular potentiometer, but is stripped of its enclosure, shaft, and fixings. The full movement of a skeleton potentiometer is less than a single turn. The other type is the multi-turn potentiometer which moves the slider along the resistive track via a gearing arrangement. The gearing is such ...
A potentiometer being calibrated and then measuring an unknown voltage. R 1 is the resistance of the entire resistance wire. The arrow head represents the moving wiper. In this circuit, the ends of a uniform resistance wire R 1 are connected to a regulated DC supply V S for use as a voltage divider.
A potentiometer is a satisfactory way for non-critical applications such as volume control on a radio, a wiper contact rubbing against a resistance element like dirt or wear between the wiper and the resistor can cause erratic readings. The more reliable solution is the magnetic coupling, which makes no physical contact, so will never be ...
Different types of noise are generated by different devices and different processes. Thermal noise is unavoidable at non-zero temperature (see fluctuation-dissipation theorem), while other types depend mostly on device type (such as shot noise, [1] [3] which needs a steep potential barrier) or manufacturing quality and semiconductor defects, such as conductance fluctuations, including 1/f noise.
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