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Civil penalties occupy a strange place in some legal systems - because they are not criminal penalties, the state need not meet a high burden of proof, such as "beyond a reasonable doubt"; but because the action is brought by the government, and some civil penalties can run into very large sums, it would be uncomfortable to subject citizens to ...
(3) (a) A municipality may by ordinance provide that a criminal offense under state law that is punishable only by a fine is a municipal infraction. (b) Statutory surcharges must be imposed, as provided in 3-1-317(1)(a), 3-1-318(1), and 46-18-236(6)(a), on municipal infractions that are criminal offenses under state law, and the amounts must be ...
To speed cases along and ensure uniform representation, many legal codes require a defendant or plaintiff to be represented by an attorney at law, whose responsibility is to take the client's case without prejudice, and to their best to minimize the penalties applied by law, including ideally the release of their client from any responsibility ...
In all states, a city or county may enact a local ordinance as a criminal law [3] that covers the same crime or violation as a state law but only if the penalty provided by the local ordinance is higher than the state statute. A local ordinance cannot be used to create a lesser penalty for a crime or traffic offense than state law.
The classes of offenses under United States federal law are as follows: Offense classes Type Class Maximum prison term [1] Maximum fine [2] [note 1] Probation term [3 ...
The rest of the United States − 23 in total − do not have the death penalty, including red states like North Dakota and Alaska, and the bluest of states, like Vermont and Massachusetts.
A fine or mulct (the latter synonym typically used in civil law) is a penalty of money that a court of law [1] or other authority decides has to be paid as punishment for a crime or other offense.
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