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Fungi, plants and herbivore population sizes can have a cyclical predator-prey pattern. Infection rates of endophytic fungi in plants tend to increase with rise in grazing pressure. [111] If endophytic fungi becomes highly prevalent in grazer food sources, it can even lead to population crashes in grazing animals. [111]
However, the use of herbicides can cause phytotoxic effects on non-targeted plants through wind-blown spray drift or from the use of herbicide-contaminated material (such as straw or manure) being applied to the soil. [5] Herbicides can also cause phytotoxicity in crops if applied incorrectly, in the wrong stage of crop growth, or in excess. [1]
There were outbreaks of dog food containing aflatoxin in North America in late 2005 and early 2006, [38] and again in late 2011. [39] Mycotoxins in animal fodder, particularly silage, can decrease the performance of farm animals and potentially kill them. [40] [4] Several mycotoxins reduce milk yield when ingested by dairy cattle. [40]
Plant defense against herbivory or host-plant resistance is a range of adaptations evolved by plants which improve their survival and reproduction by reducing the impact of herbivores. Many plants produce secondary metabolites , known as allelochemicals , that influence the behavior, growth, or survival of herbivores.
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Killing your entire lawn gets rid of everything—grassy and broadleaf weeds, off-type lawn grasses, and the few strands of good grass you have left. Unlike the five percent household vinegar used ...
Phytoremediation technologies use living plants to clean up soil, air and water contaminated with hazardous contaminants. [1] It is defined as "the use of green plants and the associated microorganisms, along with proper soil amendments and agronomic techniques to either contain, remove or render toxic environmental contaminants harmless". [2]
Certain plants have shown effectiveness as topical repellents for haematophagous insects, such as the use of lemon eucalyptus in PMD, but incomplete research and misunderstood applications can produce variable results. [1] The essential oils of many plants are also well known for