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A weir / w ɪər / or low-head dam is a barrier across the width of a river that alters the flow characteristics of water and usually results in a change in the height of the river level. Weirs are also used to control the flow of water for outlets of lakes, ponds, and reservoirs.
Some varieties of flumes are used in measuring water flow of a larger channel. When used to measure the flow of water in open channels, a flume is defined as a specially shaped, fixed hydraulic structure that under free-flow conditions forces flow to accelerate in such a manner that the flow rate through the flume can be characterized by a level-to-flow relationship as applied to a single head ...
Stream gauge B62, a combination weir at Doddieburn, on the Mzingwane River, Zimbabwe. A variety of hydraulic structures / primary device are used to improve the reliability of using water level as a surrogate for flow (improving the accuracy of the rating table), including: Weirs. V-notch, broad-crested, sharp-crested and; combination weirs; Flumes
The M-y Diagram is a graphical representation of the conservation of momentum and can be applied over a hydraulic jump to find the upstream and downstream depths. We can see from the above example that the flow approaches supercritically at a depth of y 1. There is a jump to the subcritical conjugate depth of y 1 which is labeled as y 2 in ...
Nassi-Shneiderman diagrams and Drakon-charts are an alternative notation for process flow. Common alternative names include: flow chart, process flowchart, functional flowchart, process map, process chart, functional process chart, business process model, process model, process flow diagram, work flow diagram, business flow diagram. The terms ...
Tilting weirs are usually controlled by human intervention but a self-regulatory tilting weir that could be counterbalanced by floating weights was patented in 1994. At the time of construction the 2018 Leed's tilting weirs were unique for being raised and lower by deflating and inflating giant neoprene bladders. [2]
Parshall flume submerged flow example problem: Using the Parshall flume flow equations and Tables 1-3, determine the flow type (free flow or submerged flow) and discharge for a 36-inch flume with an upstream depth, Ha of 1.5 ft and a downstream depth, H b of 1.4 ft. For reference of locations H a and H b, refer to Figure 1.
Roller dams are a type of weir, or a dam that is designed to allow water to flow over the top in continuous action. They are used on rivers or other such moving bodies of water where erosion damage is undesirable, yet likely to occur.