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The 1780s (pronounced "seventeen-eighties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1780, and ended on December 31, 1789. A period widely considered as transitional between the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution , the 1780s saw the inception of modern philosophy .
Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch, a work by Kant on perpetual peace; Federal Europe, a political aspiration of cosmopolitan Europeans; Genealogical method, a mode of cultural theorising most memorably employed by Friedrich Nietzsche in the 19th century
As a philosophical position, idealism claims that the true objects of knowledge are "ideal," meaning mind-dependent, as opposed to material. The term stems from Plato's view that the "Ideas," the categories or concepts which our mind abstracts from our empirical experience of particular things, are more real than the particulars themselves, which depend on the Ideas rather than the Ideas ...
During the 1780s, the United States had operated under the Articles of Confederation, which was essentially a treaty of thirteen sovereign states. [4] Domestic and foreign policy challenges convinced many in the United States of the need for a new constitution that provided for a stronger national government.
Glasgow led the way, in moral philosophy, notably with Francis Hutcheson, Adam Smith, and Thomas Reid. [8] However, in general the universities and schools of France and most of Europe were bastions of traditionalism and were not hospitable to the Enlightenment. In France the major exception was the medical university at Montpellier. [9]
The philosophes (French for 'philosophers') were the intellectuals of the 18th-century European Enlightenment. [1] Few were primarily philosophers; rather, philosophes were public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics and social issues.
Knud Haakonssen (ed). The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. 2006. Volume 1. Lewis White Beck (ed). Eighteenth-Century Philosophy. (Readings in the History of Philosophy). The Free Press. 1966. Jing-Xing Huang and C S Huang. Philosophy, Philology, and Politics in Eighteenth-Century China.
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. It marked a major turning point in history and almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way.
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