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Human sexual reproduction, to produce offspring, begins with fertilization. Successful reproduction typically involves sexual intercourse between a healthy, sexually mature and fertile male and female. [1] During sexual intercourse, sperm cells are ejaculated into the vagina through the penis, resulting in fertilization of an ovum to form a ...
A genetic counsellor discussing a pedigree with a client. Genetic counseling is the process of investigating individuals and families affected by or at risk of genetic disorders to help them understand and adapt to the medical, psychological and familial implications of genetic contributions to disease.
Members of the rodent family Cricetidae can reach sexual maturity in 1–2 months, e.g. the Norway lemming (Lemmus lemmus) in 39 days. Many dogs ( family Canidae ) and bovids ( Bovidae ) take about a year to reach maturity while primates (including humans ) and dolphins ( Delphinidae ) require more than 10 years.
Development of brain in eight-week-old embryo. Late in the fourth week, the superior part of the neural tube bends ventrally as the cephalic flexure at the level of the future midbrain—the mesencephalon. [24] Above the mesencephalon is the prosencephalon (future forebrain) and beneath it is the rhombencephalon (future hindbrain).
Human genetics is the study of inheritance as it occurs in human beings. Human genetics encompasses a variety of overlapping fields including: classical genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, biochemical genetics, genomics, population genetics, developmental genetics, clinical genetics, and genetic counseling.
Medical genetics is the branch of medicine that involves the diagnosis and management of hereditary disorders.Medical genetics differs from human genetics in that human genetics is a field of scientific research that may or may not apply to medicine, while medical genetics refers to the application of genetics to medical care.
Genomic counseling is the process by which a person gets informed about his or her genome often in the setting of elective genetic and genomic testing.In contrast to genetic counseling, which focuses on Mendelian diseases and typically involves person-to-person communication with a genetic counselor or other medical genetics expert, genomic counseling is not limited to currently clinically ...
Fitness (often denoted or ω in population genetics models) is a quantitative representation of individual reproductive success.It is also equal to the average contribution to the gene pool of the next generation, made by the same individuals of the specified genotype or phenotype.