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This reaction involves the preparation of aldehydes (R-CHO) from nitriles (R-CN) using tin(II) chloride (SnCl 2), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and quenching the resulting iminium salt ([R-CH=NH 2] + Cl −) with water (H 2 O). [1] [2] During the synthesis, ammonium chloride is also produced. It is a type of nucleophilic addition reaction. Stephen ...
Well-known examples include the Grignard reaction, the Sabatier reaction, the Wittig reaction, the Claisen condensation, the Friedel–Crafts acylation, and the Diels–Alder reaction. Books have been published devoted exclusively to name reactions; [2] [3] [4] the Merck Index, a chemical encyclopedia, also includes an appendix on name reactions.
In organic chemistry, the Wurtz reaction, named after Charles Adolphe Wurtz, is a coupling reaction in which two alkyl halides are treated with sodium metal to form a higher alkane. 2 R−X + 2 Na → R−R + 2 NaX. The reaction is of little value except for intramolecular versions, such as 1,6-dibromohexane + 2 Na → cyclohexane + 2 NaBr.
Organic chemistry has a strong tradition of naming a specific reaction to its inventor or inventors and a long list of so-called named reactions exists, conservatively estimated at 1000. A very old named reaction is the Claisen rearrangement (1912) and a recent named reaction is the Bingel reaction (1993).
Reaction mechanism for the amine formation from a carboxylic acid via Schmidt reaction. In the reaction mechanism for the Schmidt reaction of ketones, the carbonyl group is activated by protonation for nucleophilic addition by the azide, forming azidohydrin 3, which loses water in an elimination reaction to diazoiminium 5.
AKD's react with the hydroxyl groups on the cellulose via esterification reaction. They will also undergo [2+2] cycloaddition reactions with electron-rich alkynes to form cyclobutenones, or carbonyl groups to form beta-lactones. With imines, beta-lactams are formed. This is the Staudinger synthesis, a facile route to this important class of ...
A high catalytic activity, coupled with the fact that hydrogen is absorbed within the pores of the catalyst during activation, makes Raney nickel a useful catalyst for many hydrogenation reactions. Its structural and thermal stability (i.e., it does not decompose at high temperatures) allows its use under a wide range of reaction conditions.
Chemical kinetics, also known as reaction kinetics, is the branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions. It is different from chemical thermodynamics, which deals with the direction in which a reaction occurs but in itself tells nothing about its rate.