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Women's urine could be injected into the adult male frog's dorsal lymph sac. The gonadotropic hormone in the urine of pregnant women, after injection, would lead to the release of sperms from the frogs. [21] This new testing method became widely used as it was even more efficient, with only 3 hours of waiting time for the results.
The time taken for the appearance of the test results on the strip can vary from a few minutes after the test to 30 minutes after immersion of the strip in the urine (depending on the brand of product being used).
Many point-of-care test systems are realized as easy-to-use membrane-based test strips, often enclosed by a plastic test cassette. [2] This concept often is realized in test systems for detecting pathogens, the most common being COVID-19 rapid tests. Very recently such test systems for rheumatology diagnostics have been developed, too. [12]
A later alternative to the rabbit test, known as the "Hogben test", used the African clawed frog, and yielded results without the need to cut the animal open. [6] Modern pregnancy tests continue to operate on the basis of testing for the presence of the hormone hCG in the blood or urine, but they no longer require the use of a live animal.
Because the test pad reaction is dependent on pH, false positive results can occur if the urine is highly alkaline. [ 60 ] [ 62 ] Conventional test strips are not sensitive enough to reliably detect microalbuminuria , a condition in which urine albumin levels are slightly elevated, [ 64 ] although dipsticks specialized for this measurement exist.
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Some dogs will have dark urine or other signs of illness and, when treated with antibiotics and other treatments, this can clear up relatively easily. 2. Hormonal Loss
The value of urine for diagnostic purposes has been recognized since ancient times. Urine examination was practiced in Sumer and Babylonia as early as 4000 BC, and is described in ancient Greek and Sanskrit texts. [2] Contemporary urine testing uses a range of methods to investigate the physical and biochemical properties of the urine.