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Glycosuria is nearly always caused by an elevated blood sugar level, most commonly due to untreated diabetes. Rarely, glycosuria is due to an intrinsic problem with glucose reabsorption within the kidneys (such as Fanconi syndrome ), producing a condition termed renal glycosuria . [ 1 ]
Recurrent urinary tract infections are defined as at least two infections (episodes) in a six-month time period or three infections in twelve months, can occur in adults and in children. [113] Cystitis refers to a urinary tract infection that involves the lower urinary tract (bladder).
The most common cause of polyuria in both adults and children is uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, [6] which causes osmotic diuresis; when glucose levels are so high that glucose is excreted in the urine. Water follows the glucose concentration passively, leading to abnormally high urine output.
Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease and is a serious complication that affects approximately one quarter of adults with diabetes in the United States. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] Affected individuals with end-stage kidney disease often require hemodialysis and eventually kidney transplantation to replace the failed kidney ...
Foamy urine is considered a cardinal sign of proteinuria, but only a third of people with foamy urine have proteinuria as the underlying cause. [2] It may also be caused by bilirubin in the urine ( bilirubinuria ), [ 3 ] retrograde ejaculation , pneumaturia (air bubbles in the urine) due to a fistula , [ 4 ] or drugs such as pyridium .
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. [6] Common symptoms include increased thirst , frequent urination , fatigue and unexplained weight loss . [ 3 ]
Purple urine bag syndrome is an asymptomatic condition, however, symptoms of urinary tract infections may be similar to those of purple urine bag syndrome. Some signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection may include abdominal pain, pain during urination, fever or chills, nausea or vomiting, and an increased frequency of urination. [10]
Neurogenic bladder can cause hydronephrosis (swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine), recurrent urinary tract infections, and recurrent kidney stones which may compromise kidney function. [7] This is especially significant in spastic neurogenic bladder that leads to high bladder pressures.