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Rendering of a ladle furnace, a variation of the electric arc furnace used for keeping molten steel hot. For steelmaking, direct current (DC) arc furnaces are used, with a single electrode in the roof and the current return through a conductive bottom lining or conductive pins in the base. The advantage of DC is lower electrode consumption per ...
The indirect arc electric furnace of the Stassano type, in its final configuration, is made from a cast iron cylindrical structure lined internally with refractory bricks. The structure is divided in two separate sections: an upper section where the electrodes are placed, and a lower crucible where the burden is loaded and fused into steel.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 12 February 2025. Classified advertisements website Craigslist Inc. Logo used since 1995 Screenshot of the main page on January 26, 2008 Type of business Private Type of site Classifieds, forums Available in English, French, German, Dutch, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese Founded 1995 ; 30 years ago (1995 ...
This is performed in a submerged-arc furnace at temperatures of between 1150 and 1400C. The main internal reaction is described below: Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 F 2 + 15C + 9SiO 2 → 3P 2 (g) + 9[(CaO•SiO 2)] + CaF 2 + 15CO(g) This main reaction produces a liquid calcium silicates slag, carbon monoxide gas and the desired product, phosphorus gas.
Lead blast furnaces are often open-topped rather than having the charging bell used in iron blast furnaces. [78] The blast furnace used at the Nyrstar Port Pirie lead smelter differs from most other lead blast furnaces in that it has a double row of tuyeres rather than the single row normally used. [76] The lower shaft of the furnace has a ...
A metallurgical furnace, often simply referred to as a furnace when the context is known, is an industrial furnace used to heat, melt, or otherwise process metals. Furnaces have been a central piece of equipment throughout the history of metallurgy ; processing metals with heat is even its own engineering specialty known as pyrometallurgy .
Vacuum arc remelting (VAR) is a secondary melting process for production of metal ingots with elevated chemical and mechanical homogeneity for highly demanding applications. [1] The VAR process has revolutionized the specialty traditional metallurgical techniques industry, and has made possible tightly controlled materials used in biomedical ...
An industrial furnace, also known as a direct heater or a direct fired heater, is a device used to provide heat for an industrial process, typically higher than 400 degrees Celsius. [1] They are used to provide heat for a process or can serve as reactor which provides heats of reaction. Furnace designs vary as to its function, heating duty ...