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William Jones, FRS (1675 – 1 July 1749 [1]) was a Welsh mathematician best known for his use of the symbol π (the Greek letter Pi) to represent the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. He was a close friend of Sir Isaac Newton and Sir Edmund Halley.
Today, this algorithm is used by Mathematica to calculate π, and has continued to be used by others who have achieved world records in pi calculation. The brothers also assisted the Metropolitan Museum of Art around 2003 in the merging of a series of digital photographs taken of The Hunt of the Unicorn tapestries during their cleaning. [7]
The number π (/ p aɪ / ⓘ; spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant, approximately equal to 3.14159, that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.It appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics, and some of these formulae are commonly used for defining π, to avoid relying on the definition of the length of a curve.
Made use of a desk calculator [24] 620: 1947 Ivan Niven: Gave a very elementary proof that π is irrational: January 1947 D. F. Ferguson: Made use of a desk calculator [24] 710: September 1947 D. F. Ferguson: Made use of a desk calculator [24] 808: 1949 Levi B. Smith and John Wrench: Made use of a desk calculator 1,120
Pi Approximation Day is observed on July 22 (22/7 in the day/month date format), since the fraction 22 ⁄ 7 is a common approximation of π, which is accurate to two decimal places and dates from Archimedes. [33] In Indonesia, a country that uses the DD/MM/YYYY date format, some people celebrate Pi Day every July 22. [34]
A History of Pi was originally published as A History of π in 1970 by Golem Press. This edition did not cover any approximations of π calculated after 1946. A second edition, printed in 1971, added material on the calculation of π by electronic computers, but still contained historical and mathematical errors, such as an incorrect proof that there exist infinitely many prime numbers. [4]
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Liu Hui's method of calculating the area of a circle. Liu Hui's π algorithm was invented by Liu Hui (fl. 3rd century), a mathematician of the state of Cao Wei.Before his time, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter was often taken experimentally as three in China, while Zhang Heng (78–139) rendered it as 3.1724 (from the proportion of the celestial circle to the diameter ...