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The kidney is divided into parenchyma and renal sinus. The renal sinus is hyperechoic and is composed of calyces, the renal pelvis, fat and the major intrarenal vessels. In the normal kidney, the urinary collecting system in the renal sinus is not visible, but it creates a heteroechoic appearance with the interposed fat and vessels.
Echogenicity (sometimes as echogenecity) or echogeneity is the ability to bounce an echo, e.g. return the signal in medical ultrasound examinations. In other words, echogenicity is higher when the surface bouncing the sound echo reflects increased sound waves.
The echogenicity of the kidney should be related to the echogenicity of the liver or the spleen. Moreover, decreased kidney size and cortical thinning are often seen especially when the disease progresses. However, kidney size correlates to height, and short persons tend to have small kidneys; thus, kidney size as the only parameter is unreliable.
Acute pyelonephritis with increased cortical echogenicity and blurred delineation of the upper pole [20] Ultrasound findings that indicate pyelonephritis are enlargement of the kidney, edema in the renal sinus or parenchyma, bleeding, loss of corticomedullary differentiation, abscess formation, or an areas of poor blood flow on doppler ...
Risk factors for kidney disease include diabetes, high blood pressure, family history, older age, ethnic group and smoking. For most patients, a GFR over 60 (mL/min)/(1.73 m 2) is adequate. But significant decline of the GFR from a previous test result can be an early indicator of kidney disease requiring medical intervention.
The term nephrocalcinosis is used to describe the deposition of both calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. [1] It may cause acute kidney injury. It is now more commonly used to describe diffuse, fine, renal parenchymal calcification in radiology. [2] It is caused by multiple different conditions and is determined by progressive kidney dysfunction.
This was a 346% increase in hospitalizations from 1997, when there were 98,000 acute kidney injury stays. [49] According to a review article of 2015, there has been an increase in cases of acute kidney injury in the last 20 years which cannot be explained solely by changes to the manner of reporting. [50]
It is an intrinsic disease of the kidney, generally the result of kidney parenchymal damage. Causes include kidney failure, glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis, or other kidney disease. [3] The BUN:Cr in renal azotemia is less than 15. [citation needed] In cases of kidney disease, glomerular filtration rate decreases, so nothing gets ...