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Tribology is the science and engineering of understanding friction, lubrication and wear phenomena for interacting surfaces in relative motion.It is highly interdisciplinary, drawing on many academic fields, including physics, chemistry, materials science, mathematics, biology and engineering. [1]
where is the force (positive in compression), is the total surface energy of both surfaces per unit area, and is the equilibrium separation of the two atomic planes. The Bradley model applied the Lennard-Jones potential to find the force of adhesion between two rigid spheres.
The coefficient of friction (COF), often symbolized by the Greek letter μ, is a dimensionless scalar value which equals the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together, either during or at the onset of slipping. The coefficient of friction depends on the materials used; for example, ice on steel has a ...
Friction – Force resisting sliding motion; Friction drive – Mechanical power transmission by friction between components; Lubrication – The presence of a material to reduce friction between two surfaces. Metallurgy – Field of science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metals; Multibody system – Tool to study dynamic ...
Stokes' law is important for understanding the swimming of microorganisms and sperm; also, the sedimentation of small particles and organisms in water, under the force of gravity. [ 5 ] In air, the same theory can be used to explain why small water droplets (or ice crystals) can remain suspended in air (as clouds) until they grow to a critical ...
The surface energy of a liquid may be measured by stretching a liquid membrane (which increases the surface area and hence the surface energy). In that case, in order to increase the surface area of a mass of liquid by an amount, δA, a quantity of work, γ δA, is needed (where γ is the surface energy density of the liquid).
The SI unit of force is the newton (symbol N), which is the force required to accelerate a one kilogram mass at a rate of one meter per second squared, or kg·m·s −2.The corresponding CGS unit is the dyne, the force required to accelerate a one gram mass by one centimeter per second squared, or g·cm·s −2. A newton is thus equal to ...
The SI unit of kinetic energy is the joule, while the English unit of kinetic energy is the foot-pound. In relativistic mechanics , 1 2 m v 2 {\textstyle {\frac {1}{2}}mv^{2}} is a good approximation of kinetic energy only when v is much less than the speed of light .