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Aviation fuels are petroleum-based fuels, or petroleum and synthetic fuel blends, used to power aircraft. They have more stringent requirements than fuels used for ground use, such as heating and road transport , and contain additives to enhance or maintain properties important to fuel performance or handling.
The U.S. Department of Energy's Fuel Cell Technology Program states that, as of 2011, fuel cells achieved 53–59% efficiency at one-quarter power and 42–53% vehicle efficiency at full power, [109] and a durability of over 120,000 km (75,000 miles) with less than 10% degradation. [110]
Glow fuel is a fuel source used in model engines – generally the same or similar fuels can be used in model airplanes, helicopters, cars and boats. [1] Glow fuel can be burned by very simple two-stroke engines or by more complicated four-stroke engines, and these engines can provide impressive amounts of power for their very small size.
Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), also known as polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, are a type of fuel cell being developed mainly for transport applications, as well as for stationary fuel-cell applications and portable fuel-cell applications. Their distinguishing features include lower temperature/pressure ranges (50 to ...
The main petroleum component used in blending avgas is alkylate, which is a mixture of various isooctanes. Some refineries also use reformate.All grades of avgas that meet CAN 2–3 [further explanation needed], 25-M82 [further explanation needed] have a density of 6.01 pounds per US gallon (720 g/L) at 15 °C (59 °F).
This was an upgrade of the existing PW6000 that replaced the fan section with a gear box and a new single-stage fan, which would provide about 90% of the propulsive power of the engine. The PW8000 engine aimed for 10% lower operating costs, or $600,000 per aircraft annually. [3]
The ENFICA-FC is a project of the European Commission, to study and demonstrate an all-electric aircraft with fuel-cells as the main or auxiliary power system. During the three-year project, a fuel-cell based power system was designed and first flown in a Rapid 200FC ultralight aircraft on 20 May 2010. [46]
The product line was expanded again in 2013, with a line of 6-cylinder engines in both 3900 cc and 5200 cc variants, each with an option for higher or lower compression requiring different minimum fuel grades. The 6 cylinder engines can power larger experimental and kit-planes (non-certified planes) that are typically powered by Lycoming and ...
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