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For example, 1 / 4 , 5 / 6 , and −101 / 100 are all irreducible fractions. On the other hand, 2 / 4 is reducible since it is equal in value to 1 / 2 , and the numerator of 1 / 2 is less than the numerator of 2 / 4 . A fraction that is reducible can be reduced by dividing both the numerator ...
Declarative solutions are easier to understand than imperative solutions, [12] and there has been a long-term trend from imperative to declarative methods. [13] [14] Formula calculators are part of this trend. Many software tools for the general user, such as spreadsheets, are declarative. Formula calculators are examples of such tools.
For example, the conversion factor between a mass fraction of 1 ppb and a mole fraction of 1 ppb is about 4.7 for the greenhouse gas CFC-11 in air (Molar mass of CFC-11 / Mean molar mass of air = 137.368 / 28.97 = 4.74). For volume fraction, the suffix "V" or "v" is sometimes appended to the parts-per notation (e.g. ppmV, ppbv, pptv).
The base value should only be a magnitude, while the per-unit value is a phasor. The phase angles of complex power, voltage, current, impedance, etc., are not affected by the conversion to per unit values. The purpose of using a per-unit system is to simplify conversion between different transformers.
A repeating decimal or recurring decimal is a decimal representation of a number whose digits are eventually periodic (that is, after some place, the same sequence of digits is repeated forever); if this sequence consists only of zeros (that is if there is only a finite number of nonzero digits), the decimal is said to be terminating, and is not considered as repeating.
The set of rational numbers includes all integers, which are fractions with a denominator of 1. The symbol of the rational numbers is Q {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } . [ 19 ] Decimal fractions like 0.3 and 25.12 are a special type of rational numbers since their denominator is a power of 10.
Since any quantity can be multiplied by 1 without changing it, the expression "100 kPa / 1 bar" can be used to convert from bars to kPa by multiplying it with the quantity to be converted, including the unit. For example, 5 bar × 100 kPa / 1 bar = 500 kPa because 5 × 100 / 1 = 500, and bar/bar cancels out, so 5 bar = 500 kPa.
The atmosphere, which interacts only with the longwave radiation, is indicated by the layer within the dashed lines. A specific solution is depicted for ε=0.78 and α p =0.3, representing Planet Earth. The numbers in the parentheses indicate the flux densities as a percent of S 0 /4. The equilibrium solution with ε=0.82.