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They are indicated to treat diseases related to the heart or the vascular system (blood vessels), such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coagulation disorders, heart failure and coronary artery disease. [1] These drugs are prescription-only medicines, meaning that they should be administered strictly under a doctor’s instruction and can only ...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (lung disease) [43] Gastrointestinal discomfort [44] Tachycardia (heart rate too fast) [44] Rapid drop in Weight [40] Headaches [40] Dizziness [40] Insomnia [40] Psychological disorder (for example anxiety) [45] Compromised liver or kidney function with drugs that inhibit an enzyme called CYP3A4 [46]
First-pass metabolism may occur in the liver (for propranolol, lidocaine, clomethiazole, and nitroglycerin) or in the gut (for benzylpenicillin and insulin). [4] The four primary systems that affect the first pass effect of a drug are the enzymes of the gastrointestinal lumen, [5] gastrointestinal wall enzymes, [6] [7] [8] bacterial enzymes [5] and hepatic enzymes.
Risk reduction was also found for neurocognitive disorders like Alzheimer’s and dementia, along with infections, liver cancer, and even life-threatening clotting disorders, like blood clots in ...
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a cause of acute and chronic liver disease caused specifically by medications and the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn from the market after approval. The liver plays a central role in transforming and clearing chemicals and is susceptible to the toxicity from these agents.
Lipid-lowering agents, also sometimes referred to as hypolipidemic agents, cholesterol-lowering drugs, or antihyperlipidemic agents are a diverse group of pharmaceuticals that are used to lower the level of lipids and lipoproteins, such as cholesterol, in the blood (hyperlipidemia). The American Heart Association recommends the descriptor ...
This class of drugs is usually well tolerated. Common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) include: dizziness, headache, and/or hyperkalemia.Infrequent ADRs associated with therapy include: first dose orthostatic hypotension, rash, diarrhea, dyspepsia, abnormal liver function, muscle cramp, myalgia, back pain, insomnia, decreased hemoglobin levels, renal impairment, pharyngitis, and/or nasal ...
The left side of the heart takes oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the circulatory system in the body (except for the pulmonary circulation). Failure of the left side of the heart causes blood to back up into the lungs, causing breathing difficulties and fatigue due to an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood.