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A subtraction problem such as is solved by borrowing a 10 from the tens place to add to the ones place in order to facilitate the subtraction. Subtracting 9 from 6 involves borrowing a 10 from the tens place, making the problem into 70 + 16 − 39 {\displaystyle 70+16-39} .
[2] In a sense, subtraction is the inverse of addition. That is, c = a − b if and only if c + b = a. In words: the difference of two numbers is the number that gives the first one when added to the second one. Subtraction follows several important patterns. It is anticommutative, meaning that changing the order changes the sign of the answer.
The same carry bit is also generally used to indicate borrows in subtraction, though the bit's meaning is inverted due to the effects of two's complement arithmetic. Normally, a carry bit value of "1" signifies that an addition overflowed the ALU , and must be accounted for when adding data words of lengths greater than that of the CPU.
Subtraction is done by adding the ten's complement of the subtrahend, which is the nines' complement plus 1. The result of this addition is used when it is clear that the difference will be positive, otherwise the ten's complement of the addition's result is used with it marked as negative.
[1] [2] [3] Spreadsheets were developed as computerized analogs of paper accounting worksheets. [4] The program operates on data entered in cells of a table. Each cell may contain either numeric or text data, or the results of formulas that automatically calculate and display a value based on the contents of other cells.
It is in Babylonian mathematics that elementary arithmetic (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) first appear in the archaeological record. The Babylonians also possessed a place-value system and used a sexagesimal numeral system which is still in use today for measuring angles and time.
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